ʻO ka Osteoarthritis (OA) kekahi o nā maʻi hui iwi degenerative lōʻihi e pili ana i ka poʻe ʻelemakule ma mua o 65.
1]. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻike ʻia nā poʻe maʻi OA me ka cartilage poino, synovium inflamed, a me nā chondrocytes eroded, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻeha a me ka pilikia kino.
2]. ʻO ka ʻeha ʻeha ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ka cartilage i loko o nā ami e ka mumū, a i ka wā e ʻeha nui ai ka cartilage hiki i nā iwi ke kuʻi kekahi i kekahi me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole a me ka pilikia kino.
3]. Hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi ʻia ke komo ʻana o nā mea hoʻolaha inflammatory me nā hōʻailona e like me ka ʻeha, ka pehu, a me ka paʻakikī o ka hui. I nā poʻe maʻi OA, loaʻa nā cytokines inflammatory, ka mea e hoʻoneʻe ai i ka cartilage a me ka iwi subchondral i loko o ka wai synovial [
4]. ʻElua mau hoʻopiʻi nui i loaʻa i ka poʻe maʻi OA i ka ʻeha a me ka mumū synovial. No laila, ʻo nā pahuhopu mua o nā lāʻau lapaʻau OA i kēia manawa ʻo ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ʻeha a me ka mumū. [
5]. ʻOiai ʻo nā lāʻau lapaʻau OA i loaʻa, me nā lāʻau non-steroidal a me nā lāʻau steroidal, ua hōʻoia i ka hopena i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ʻeha a me ka mumū, ʻo ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana o kēia mau lāʻau i nā hopena olakino e like me ka cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, and renal dysfunctions [
6]. No laila, pono e kūkulu ʻia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi me ka liʻiliʻi o nā hopena ʻaoʻao no ka mālama ʻana i ka osteoarthritis.
Ke ulu nui nei nā huahana olakino kūlohelohe no ka palekana a maʻalahi hoʻi i loaʻa [
7]. Ua hōʻoia nā lāʻau lapaʻau Korea kuʻuna i ka maikaʻi e kūʻē i kekahi mau maʻi ʻeha, me ka arthritis [
8]. Aucklandia lappa DC. ʻike ʻia no kāna mau lāʻau lapaʻau, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kahe o ka qi no ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka ʻeha a me ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka ʻōpū, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he analgesic kūlohelohe [
9]. Hōʻike nā hōʻike mua e loaʻa iā A. lappa ka anti-inflammatory [
10,
11], analgesic [
12], ka maʻi ʻaʻai [
13], a me ka maʻi ʻai [
14] hopena. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hana olaola like ʻole o A. lappa e kāna mau pūhui ikaika nui: costunolide, dehydrocostus lactone, dihydrocostunolide, costuslactone, α-costol, saussurea lactone a me costuslactone [
15]. Ua ʻōlelo nā haʻawina mua ua hōʻike ʻo costunolide i nā waiwai anti-inflammatory i loko o ka lipopolysaccharide (LPS), ka mea i hoʻoulu i nā macrophages ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka NF-kB a me ke alahele protein shock heat [
16,
17]. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe haʻawina i noiʻi i nā hana kūpono o A. lappa no ka mālama ʻana i ka OA. Ua noiʻi ka noiʻi o kēia manawa i nā hopena lapaʻau o A. lappa e kūʻē i ka OA me ka hoʻohana ʻana i (monosodium-iodoacetate) MIA a me nā ʻano koʻokoʻo i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka acetic acid.
Hoʻohana kaulana ʻia ka Monosodium-iodoacetate (MIA) e hana i ka nui o nā ʻano ʻeha a me nā hiʻohiʻona pathophysiological o OA i nā holoholona.
18,
19,
20]. Ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā hui kuli, hoʻokaʻawale ʻo MIA i ka metabolism chondrocyte a hoʻoulu i ka mumū a me nā hōʻailona inflammatory, e like me ka cartilage a me ka iwi subchondral erosion, nā hōʻailona cardinal o OA [
18]. ʻO ka pane wili ʻana i hoʻokomo ʻia me ka acetic acid ka mea i manaʻo nui ʻia e like me ka simulation o ka ʻeha peripheral i nā holoholona kahi e hiki ke ana ʻia ka ʻeha ʻeha [
19]. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka laina cell macrophage mouse, RAW264.7, e aʻo i nā pane kelepona i ka mumū. Ma ka ho'ā 'ana me LPS, RAW264 macrophages ho'āla i nā ala inflammatory a hūnā i kekahi mau intermediaries inflammatory, e like me TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β, iNOS, a me IL-6 [
20]. Ua loiloi kēia haʻawina i nā hopena anti-nociceptive a me nā anti-inflammatory o A. lappa e kūʻē i ka OA i loko o ke ʻano holoholona MIA, acetic acid-induced animal model, a me LPS-activated RAW264.7 cell.
2. Nā mea a me nā hana
2.1. Mea kanu
ʻO ke kumu maloʻo o A. lappa DC. ua hoʻohana ʻia i ka hoʻokolohua mai Epulip Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., (Seoul, Korea). Ua ʻike ʻia e Prof. Donghun Lee, Dept. of Herbal pharmacology, Col. of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, a ua waiho ʻia ka helu helu hōʻailona ma 18060301.
2.2. ʻIke HPLC o A. lappa Extract
Lawe ʻia ʻo A. lappa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi reflux apparatus (wai distilled, 3 h ma 100 °C). Ua kānana ʻia ka hopena i unuhi ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi evaporator haʻahaʻa. A. lappa extract he 44.69% ma hope o ka maloʻo maloʻo ma lalo o −80 °C. Ua alakaʻiʻia ka nānāʻana o Chromatographic o A. lappa me kahi HPLC i hoʻohuiʻia me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka 1260 InfinityⅡ HPLC-system (Agilent, Pal Alto, CA, USA). No ka hoʻokaʻawale chromatic, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kolamu EclipseXDB C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm, Agilent) ma 35 °C. A huina o 100 mg o ka specimen ua diluted ma 10 mL o 50% methanol a sonicated no 10 min. Ua kānana ʻia nā laʻana me kahi kānana syringe (Waters Corp., Milford, MA, USA) o 0.45 μm. He 0.1% ka phosphoric acid (A) a me ka acetonitrile (B) ka hui o ka mobile phase a ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke kolamu penei: 0-60 min, 0%; 60–65 min, 100%; 65–67 min, 100%; 67-72 min, 0% solvent B me kahi kahe kahe o 1.0 mL / min. Ua nānā ʻia ka effluent ma 210 nm me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nui injection o 10 μL. Ua hana ʻia ka ʻike ʻekolu.
2.3. Hale a me ka hooponopono holoholona
Ua kūʻai ʻia nā ʻiole kāne Sprague-Dawley (SD) he 5 mau wiki a me nā ʻiole kāne ICR he 6 mau wiki mai Samtako Bio Korea (Gyeonggi-do, Korea). Mālama ʻia nā holoholona i loko o kahi lumi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mahana mau (22 ± 2 °C) a me ka haʻahaʻa (55 ± 10%) a me ka pōʻaiapuni māmā/ʻeleʻele o 12/12 h. Ua kamaʻāina nā holoholona i ke kūlana no hoʻokahi pule ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻokolohua. Loaʻa i nā holoholona ka hāʻawi ad libitum o ka meaʻai a me ka wai. ʻO nā lula koʻikoʻi o kēia manawa no ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona ma ke Kulanui ʻo Gachon (GIACUC-R2019003) i mālama pono ʻia i nā kaʻina hana hoʻokolohua holoholona āpau. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia ke aʻo ʻana i ka mea noiʻi-makapō a me ka hoʻokolokolo like. Ua hahai mākou i ke ʻano hana euthanasia e like me nā alakaʻi o ke Kōmike Hoʻohālikelike Hoʻopono holoholona.
2.4. MIA Injection a Lapaʻau
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻiole i 4 mau pūʻulu, ʻo ia hoʻi ka sham, control, indomethacin, a me A. lappa. Ma keʻano he anesthetized me 2% isofluorane O2 hui, ua hoʻokomoʻia nāʻiole me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka 50 μL o MIA (40 mg / m; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) intra-articularly i loko o nā hui kuli e alakaʻi i ka OA hoʻokolohua. Ua mālama ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me lalo: mālama ʻia nā pūʻulu hoʻomalu a hoʻopunipuni wale nō me AIN-93G meaʻai kumu. ʻO ka hui indomethacin wale nō i hāʻawiʻia me ka indomethacin (3 mg / kg) i hoʻokomoʻia i kaʻai AIN-93G a ua hāʻawiʻia ka hui A. lappa 300 mg / kg i kaʻai AIN-93G i hoʻonuiʻia me A. lappa (300 mg / kg). Ua hoʻomau ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau no 24 mau lā mai ka lā o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o OA ma ka helu o 15-17 g no 190-210 g ke kaumaha o ke kino i kēlā me kēia lā.
2.5. Ana Kaumaha
Ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka OA, ua hoʻokō ʻia ke ana ʻana i ke kaumaha o nā lālā hope o nā ʻiole me ka incapacitance-MeterTester600 (IITC Life Science, Woodland Hills, CA, USA) e like me ka mea i hoʻonohonoho ʻia. Ua helu ʻia ka puʻunaue kaumaha ma nā lālā hope: ka hiki ke amo kaumaha (%)
