ʻO ka ʻaila Herbal Fructus Amomi Nā lomilomi kūlohelohe 1kg Bulk Amomum villosum ʻaila nui

ʻO ka ʻaila Herbal Fructus Amomi Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe 1kg Bulk Amomum villosum ʻaila nui ʻO ke kiʻi.

wehewehe pōkole:

Ua hoʻonui ka ʻohana Zingiberaceae i ka noiʻi allelopathic ma muli o ka waiwai o ka aila volatile a me ka ʻono o kona ʻano lālā. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi mua i nā kemika mai Curcuma zedoaria (zedoary) [40], Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) BLBurtt & RMSm. [41] a me Zingiber officinale Rosc. [42] o ka ʻohana ginger he hopena allelopathic i ka ulu ʻana o nā hua a me ka ulu ʻana o nā hua o ka maile, letus a me ke kōmato. ʻO kā mākou haʻawina i kēia manawa ka hōʻike mua loa e pili ana i ka hana allelopathic o nā volatiles mai nā kumu, nā lau, a me nā hua ʻōpio o A. villosum (he lālā o ka ʻohana Zingiberaceae). He 0.15%, 0.40%, a me 0.50% ka aila o na kumu, lau, a me na hua opiopio, e hoike ana ua hua mai na hua i ka aila mahuka ma mua o na kumu a me na lau. ʻO nā mea nui o nā aila hoʻoheheʻe mai nā kumu he β-pinene, β-phellandrene a me α-pinene, he ʻano like ia me nā mea kemika nui o ka ʻaila lau, β-pinene a me α-pinene (monoterpene hydrocarbons). Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka aila i loko o nā hua ʻōpio ua waiwai i ka bornyl acetate a me ka camphor (oxygenated monoterpenes). Ua kākoʻo ʻia nā hopena e nā ʻike a Do N Dai [30,32] and Hui Ao [31] ka mea i ike i na aila mai na kino like ole o A. villosum.

Ua nui nā hōʻike e pili ana i nā hana pale i ka ulu ʻana o kēia mau pūhui nui i nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike ʻo Shalinder Kaur ʻo ka α-pinene mai ka eucalyptus i hoʻopaʻa nui i ka lōʻihi o ke aʻa a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pana o Amaranthus viridis L. ma ka 1.0 μL ka nui [43], a ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi haʻawina ʻē aʻe ua kāohi ka α-pinene i ka ulu mua ʻana o ke aʻa a ua hoʻopōʻino ʻia i ka ʻiʻo o ke aʻa ma o ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā ʻano oxygen reactive [44]. Ua hoʻopaʻapaʻa kekahi mau hōʻike i ka β-pinene i keʻakeʻa i ka ulu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu o nā nāhelehele hoʻāʻo ma ke ʻano pane e pili ana i ka dosis ma o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pono o ka membrane.45], hoʻololi i ka biochemistry mea kanu a hoʻonui i nā hana o peroxidases a me polyphenol oxidases [46]. Ua hōʻike ʻo β-Phellandrene i ka pale ʻoi loa i ka germination a me ka ulu ʻana o Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp ma kahi ʻano o 600 ppm [47], oiai, ma kahi o 250 mg/m3, ua hoopau ka camphor i ka radicle a me ka ulu pana o Lepidium sativum L. [48]. Eia naʻe, liʻiliʻi ka noiʻi e hōʻike ana i ka hopena allelopathic o ka bornyl acetate. I kā mākou noiʻi ʻana, ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali o nā hopena allelopathic o ka β-pinene, bornyl acetate a me ka camphor ma ka lōʻihi o ke aʻa ma mua o nā aila volatile koe wale nō ka α-pinene, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻaila lau, waiwai i ka α-pinene, ʻoi aku ka phytotoxic ma mua o ka volatile pili. nā aila mai nā kumu a me nā hua o A. villosum, nā ʻike ʻelua e hōʻike ana i ka α-pinene ka mea nui no ka allelopathy e kēia ʻano. Ma ka manawa like, ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena e hiki ke kōkua i kekahi mau pūhui i loko o ka ʻaila huaʻai ʻaʻole nui i ka hana ʻana i ka hopena phytotoxic, kahi ʻike e pono ai ka noiʻi hou ʻana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, ʻo ka hopena allelopathic o nā allelochemicals he ʻano-specific. ʻO Jiang et al. ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka ʻaila nui i hana ʻia e Artemisia sieversiana i ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka Amaranthus retroflexus L. ma mua o Medicago sativa L., Poa annua L., a me Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. [49]. Ma kekahi haʻawina, ʻo ka ʻaila volatile o Lavandula angustifolia Mill. ua hoʻopuka i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā hopena phytotoxic i nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole. Lolium multiflorum Lam. ʻO ia ka mea maʻalahi loa, ʻo ka hypocotyl a me ka ulu ʻana o ka radicle i keakea ʻia e 87.8% a me 76.7%, i kēlā me kēia, ma kahi ʻano o 1 μL/mL aila, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka hypocotyl o nā kumulāʻau kukama [20]. Ua hōʻike pū kā mākou mau hopena i ka ʻokoʻa o ka naʻau i ka A. villosum volatiles ma waena o L. sativa a me L. perenne.

Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka nui a me/a i ʻole ka qualitative o nā ʻaila koʻikoʻi o nā ʻano like ʻole ma muli o nā kūlana ulu, nā ʻāpana mea kanu a me nā ʻano ʻike. No ka laʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike ʻo pyranoid (10.3%) a me β-caryophyllene (6.6%) nā pūhui nui o nā volatiles i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā lau o Sambucus nigra, aʻo benzaldehyde (17.8%), α-bulnesene (16.6%) a me tetracosane (11.5%) ua nui i loko o nā aila i unuhi ʻia mai nā lau [50]. I loko o kā mākou noiʻi ʻana, ua ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka allelopathic compound i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā mea kanu hou i nā mea kanu hoʻāʻo ma mua o nā ʻaila volatile i unuhi ʻia, ʻo nā ʻokoʻa o ka pane ʻana e pili kokoke ana i nā ʻokoʻa o nā allelochemicals i loaʻa i nā hoʻomākaukau ʻelua. Pono e noiʻi hou ʻia nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā pūhui volatile a me nā ʻaila i nā hoʻokolohua ma hope.

ʻO nā ʻokoʻa o ka microbial diversity a me ka microbial community structure i loko o nā laʻana lepo kahi i hoʻohui ʻia ai nā aila volatile e pili ana i ka hoʻokūkū ma waena o nā microorganism a me nā hopena ʻona a me ka lōʻihi o ka aila volatile i ka lepo. Vokou me Liotiri [51] ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o ʻehā mau ʻaila koʻikoʻi (0.1 mL) i ka lepo i mahi ʻia (150 g) i hoʻāla ʻia ka hanu ʻana o nā laʻana lepo, ʻokoʻa hoʻi nā ʻaila i ko lākou haku mele ʻana, e hōʻike ana e hoʻohana ʻia nā aila mea kanu ma ke ʻano he kalapona a me ke kumu ikehu e. nā microorganisms lepo. Ua hōʻoia ka ʻikepili i loaʻa mai ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia manawa ua kōkua nā aila mai ka mea kanu holoʻokoʻa o A. villosum i ka hoʻonui maopopo ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻano fungal lepo ma ka lā 14 ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka aila, e hōʻike ana e hiki i ka ʻaila ke hāʻawi i ke kumu kalapona no nā mea hou aku. haʻu lepo. Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻē aʻe: ua hoʻihoʻi nā microorganisms lepo i kā lākou hana mua a me ka biomass ma hope o kahi manawa pōkole o ka hoʻololi ʻana i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka hoʻohui ʻana o Thymbra capitata L. (Cav) aila, akā ʻo ka ʻaila ma ka helu kiʻekiʻe loa (0.93 µL aila no ka gram o ka lepo). ʻaʻole i ʻae i nā microorganism lepo e hoʻihoʻi i ka hana mua [52]. Ma ke aʻo ʻana i kēia manawa, ma muli o ka ʻike microbiological o ka lepo ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana me nā lā like ʻole a me nā ʻano ʻokoʻa, ua manaʻo mākou e ola hou ke kaiāulu bacteria lepo ma hope o nā lā hou aʻe. ʻO ka mea like ʻole, ʻaʻole hiki i ka microbiota fungal ke hoʻi i kona kūlana mua. Ua hōʻoia kēia mau hopena i kēia kuhiakau: ua hōʻike ʻia ka hopena ʻokoʻa o ka nui o ka ʻaila i ka haku ʻana o ka microbiome fungal lepo e ka poʻokela co-ordinates analysis (PCoA), a ua hōʻoia hou nā hōʻike wela i ka haku ʻana o ke kaiāulu fungal o ka lepo. mālama ʻia me ka ʻaila 3.0 mg/mL (ʻo ia hoʻi 0.375 mg ʻaila no ka gram o ka lepo) ma ka pae genus ʻokoʻa loa mai nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ka noiʻi e pili ana i ka hopena o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka monoterpene hydrocarbons a i ʻole ka oxygenated monoterpenes i ka ʻokoʻa microbial lepo a me ke ʻano kaiāulu. Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau noiʻi ʻana ua hoʻonui ka α-pinene i ka hana microbial lepo a me ka nui o ka Methylophilaceae (kahi hui o nā methylotrophs, Proteobacteria) ma lalo o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e pāʻani ana i kahi kuleana koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he kumu kalapona i nā lepo maloʻo.53]. Pēlā hoʻi, ka ʻaila hinu o A. villosum mea kanu holoʻokoʻa, loaʻa ka 15.03% α-pinene (Papa Pākuʻi S1), ua hoʻonui aʻe i ka nui pili o Proteobacteria ma 1.5 mg/mL a me 3.0 mg/mL, i manaʻo ʻia e hana paha ka α-pinene ma ke ʻano he kumu kalapona no nā microorganisms lepo.

ʻO nā pūhui volatile i hana ʻia e nā kino like ʻole o A. villosum ua loaʻa nā ʻano like ʻole o nā hopena allelopathic ma L. sativa a me L. perenne, kahi i pili pono i nā mea kemika i loaʻa i nā ʻāpana mea kanu A. villosum. ʻOiai ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia ke ʻano kemika o ka ʻaila maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻohui i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e A. villosum ma ka lumi wela, kahi e pono ai ka hoʻokolokolo hou. Eia kekahi, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka hopena synergistic ma waena o nā allelochemical like ʻole. Ma ka ʻōlelo o nā microorganisms lepo, no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hopena o ka aila maʻemaʻe ma luna o nā microorganism lepo, pono mākou e hana hou i ka noiʻi hohonu: e hoʻolōʻihi i ka manawa lapaʻau o ka ʻaila volatile a ʻike i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka haku mele ʻana o ka ʻaila i loko o ka lepo. i nā lā like ʻole.

Kumukuai FOB:US $0.5 - 9,999 / ʻāpana

Min.Kauoha Nui:100 ʻāpana/ ʻāpana

Hiki ke hoolako:10000 ʻāpana / ʻāpana i kēlā me kēia mahina

E hoʻouna i ka leka uila iā mākou

Huahana Huahana

Hoʻomaopopo pinepine ʻia ʻo Allelopathy ma ke ʻano he hopena pololei a pololei ʻole paha, maikaʻi a maikaʻi ʻole paha e kekahi ʻano mea kanu ma luna o kekahi ma o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā pūhui kemika i loko o ke kaiapuni.1]. Hoʻokuʻu nā mea kanu i nā allelochemical i ka lewa a me ka lepo a puni ma o ka volatilization, foliar leaching, exudation aʻa, a me ke koena decomposition [2]. Ma keʻano hoʻokahi hui o nā allelochemical koʻikoʻi, komo nā mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka ea a me ka lepo ma nā ʻano like: hoʻokuʻu pololei nā mea kanu i nā volatiles i ka lewa [3]; Holoi ka wai ua i kēia mau ʻāpana (e like me nā monoterpenes) mai loko mai o nā hale huna lau a me nā waxes ma luna, e hāʻawi ana i nā mea hiki ke hoʻololi i ka lepo [4]; hiki i nā aʻa mea kanu ke hoʻokuʻu i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe herbivore-induced a pathogen-induced i loko o ka lepo [5]; Hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia mau mea i loko o ka ʻōpala mea kanu i ka lepo a puni [6]. I kēia manawa, ua ʻimi nui ʻia nā ʻaila volatile no kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i ka nahele a me ka hoʻokele pest [7,8,9,10,11]. ʻIke ʻia lākou e hana ma ka laha ʻana i ko lākou ʻano kinoea ma ka lewa a ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe i loko a i ʻole ma ka lepo [3,12], he hana koʻikoʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu ma o ka launa pū ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke kaiāulu mea kanu-mauu [13]. Hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina e hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka allelopathy i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka mana o nā ʻano mea kanu i nā kaiaola kūlohelohe.14,15,16]. No laila, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā ʻano mea kanu koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he kumu o nā allelochemical.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa mālie nā hopena allelopathic a me nā allelochemical mai ka poʻe noiʻi no ka ʻike ʻana i nā pani kūpono no nā herbicide synthetic [17,18,19,20]. I mea e hōʻemi ai i nā poho o ka mahiʻai, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā herbicides e hoʻomalu i ka ulu ʻana o ka mauʻu. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ʻana o nā herbicides synthetic ua hoʻonui i nā pilikia o ka pale ʻana i ka mauʻu, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka lepo, a me nā pōʻino i ke olakino kanaka.21]. Hiki i nā pūhui allelopathic kūlohelohe mai nā mea kanu ke hāʻawi i ka mana nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou, a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he hui alakaʻi i ka ʻike ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i loaʻa i ke ʻano.17,22].

ʻO Amomum villosum Lour. he mea kanu ulu ulu i ka ʻohana ginger, e ulu ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o 1.2-3.0 m i ka malu o nā kumulāʻau. Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ia ma Kina Hema, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o Asia Hema. ʻO ka hua maloʻo o A. villosum he ʻano mea ʻala maʻamau no kona ʻono maikaʻi.23] a he lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna kaulana ia ma Kina, i hoʻohana nui ʻia e mālama i nā maʻi ʻōpū. Ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi mau haʻawina ʻo nā aila volatile waiwai i loko o A. villosum nā mea lapaʻau nui a me nā mea ʻala [24,25,26,27]. Ua ʻike nā mea noiʻi e hōʻike ana nā ʻaila koʻikoʻi o A. villosum i nā mea ʻawaʻawa pili e kūʻē i nā insect Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) a me Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius), a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa ikaika e kū'ē iā T. castaneum [28]. I ka manawa like, he hopena koʻikoʻi ko A. villosum i ka ʻokoʻa o nā mea kanu, biomass, litterfall a me nā meaʻai lepo o nā wao ua mua [29]. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia ka hana kaiaola o ka ʻaila volatile a me nā pūhui allelopathic. Ma muli o nā haʻawina mua i nā mea kemika o A. villosum ʻaila nui [30,31,32], ʻo kā mākou pahuhopu e noiʻi inā hoʻokuʻu ʻo A. villosum i nā pūhui me nā hopena allelopathic i ka lewa a me ka lepo e kōkua i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kona mana. No laila, manaʻo mākou e: (i) e kālailai a hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻāpana kemika o nā aila hoʻoheheʻe mai nā kino like ʻole o A. villosum; (ii) loiloi i ka allelopathy o nā aila maʻemaʻe i unuhi ʻia a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe mai A. villosum, a laila e ʻike i nā kemika i loaʻa nā hopena allelopathic ma Lactuca sativa L. a me Lolium perenne L.; a (iii) e ʻimi mua i nā hopena o nā aila mai A. villosum i ka ʻokoʻa a me ke ʻano kaiāulu o nā microorganism i loko o ka lepo.